About the Journal

The International Journal of Business and Econometrics (IJBE) is published by the International Academy of Economics and Business Research (IAEBR), along with 7 other refereed journals.

The mission of the  is to be the premier international scholarly academy for exchange and advancement of research, teaching, and managerial best practices in all fields of business and economics.

In order to accomplish its mission, the IJBE organizes and holds conferences for participants from all over the world. The IJBE promotes the exchange of ideas in research, teaching, and managerial practices through formal presentations of research, discussions, seminars, and publication of scholarly journals.

Publication Ethics

The IJBE has a responsibility to provide only quality academic research articles to the public. In order to ensure the credibility of scientific articles published in our journals, it is necessary to pay special attention to any conflicts of interest that may arise in the process of publishing. Conflicts of interest can occur when a person (author, editor, or reviewer) is impeded from acting impartially because of a relevant personal, financial, intellectual, or political relationship with another person or organization. IJBE requires all authors, editors, and reviewers to declare any conflicts of interest that may affect their decisions.

Authors
At the moment of submission, authors are responsible for recognizing and disclosing any conflicts of interest. Authors must specify all potential conflicts of interest, including personal or financial affiliations and relationships with persons or organizations that funded or otherwise supported the research, including persons who collected or processed data.

Editors
Editors will disclose any potential conflict of interest related to their activity for the journal. They will not be involved in any decisions related to the article in which a conflict of interest exists. If necessary, editors will require statements about conflicts of interest from the authors. The editors will not be influenced in their decisions regarding any manuscript by IJBE.

Reviewers

If a reviewer identifies a potential conflict of interest, he or she will inform the editor about this situation and will not continue to review the manuscript.

If for any reason, a conflict of interest occurs, all persons in this situation must present detailed information about:

• Type of conflict of interest (affiliation, funding sources, financial interest, etc.)
• Name of the person or organization with a relevant relationship to the person (author, editor, or reviewer)
• Type of relationship (personal, financial, intellectual, political, etc.)

When a conflict of interest is disclosed, the article must contain a phrase that describes the conflict.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism represents a violation of academic ethics and one aim of IJBE is to eliminate unethical behavior.

Plagiarism represents the exposure in a scientific research of paragraphs, ideas, data, procedures, methods, theories or scientific results derived from other scientific research papers, without mentioning this and without making any reference to the original sources or intellectual property of the author.

Self-plagiarism occurs in situations when the content of an article shows similar content to other articles written by the same author.

Authors may use information from outside sources, provided that complete information is given about each source. In presenting information from an outside source, authors must use one of the following methods:

• For citation, use quotation marks for paragraphs taken verbatim from a source and then give detailed information about the source of the quote.
• For paraphrase of concepts, major ideas, or a summary phrase in the author’s own words, the paraphrase must be followed by an indication of the source or sources used.

Each source citation must include:

• A mention of all cases where parts of the authors’ scientific research used another source
• Source information about table, graphs and figures when these are imported from other sources
• Complete information about the source (author, title, name of publication, number, volume, pages, date of publication)
• In the bibliography, a complete list of all sources used in the research. Authors can use different types of sources, such as printed sources (books, magazines, journals, articles, etc.) and electronic sources (websites, online articles, etc.)

IJBE condemns any form of plagiarism and aims to identify and reject all scientific works that include elements of plagiarism. IJBE uses expert reviewers with vast experience in order to identify and prevent any form of plagiarism. Additionally, the IJBE uses iThenticate to identify any form of plagiarism.

By submitting a manuscript to be revised and published in the journal/ proceeding or to be presented in an IJBE conference, the authors assume responsibility for the entire contents of the manuscript. By submitting a manuscript for review, the author takes responsibility that the manuscript is presented in the final version, is original, does not contain elements of plagiarism and is free from any conflicts of interest on the part of the author.

If elements of plagiarism are detected, the author is legally liable for all damages.

Copyright

Copyright protects original articles, research, etc. from use without first receiving permission from the other person. Manuscripts or cases submitted for publication should be original contributions and should not be under consideration for any other publication at the same time. Authors submitting manuscripts/cases for publication warrant that the work is not an infringement of any existing copyright, infringement of proprietary right, invasion of privacy, or libel. Authors further indemnify, defend, and hold IJBE or sponsor(s) harmless from any damages, expenses, and costs against any breach of such warranty. For ease of dissemination and to ensure proper policing of use, manuscripts/cases and contributions become the legal copyright of IJBE unless otherwise agreed to in writing. At the moment of publishing, the author transfers exclusive publication rights to IJBE. In order to reproduce parts from an article, authors need to obtain written permission from IJBE. It is also necessary for every author to ask permission in order to republish any material published by IJBE. Authors should know that at the time of subscription they need to meet all legal obligations regarding the manuscript.

Article Retraction Policy

If, either on their own, or through correspondence with members of the scholarly community, the managing editor of the Journal of International Business and Economics concludes that an article meets one or more of the following conditions, the article will be retracted.

• The article constitutes Plagiarism
• The article uses fake or deceitful data
• The article has been published elsewhere and or has been submitted to other journals
• There is clear evidence that the findings within the article are unreliable, either due to fabrication or to honest error
• The article reports unethical research

Retraction procedure: The managing editor will contact the Author(s) and/or their institutions to give them the chance to investigate and respond to any concerns about the article.

If the managing editor is not satisfied with the response from the author(s) and/or their university, the following steps will be taken.

• The articles DOI webpage will be modified to include a retraction note.
• The electronic version (.pdf) of the original article will also be modified to include a watermark indicating that the article has been retracted.
• The next issue of the journal will include a retraction note giving article title, author list, the DOI link to the original article, and the reason for the retraction. The retraction note will be placed in the paginated portion of the journal and reference in the table of contents.

Publicity and Sponsorship Policy

Publicity: Publicity policy aims to promote professional practices in advertising. IJBE reserves the right to periodically revise this policy in order to maintain a high degree of quality of information provided by our journals, brochures, and website.

General Principles: These principles provide guidance for entities who wish to advertise through IJBE:

• Advertisement will not contain inaccurate information and will provide all relevant information about the product or service presented. All information will be clear and understandable.
• Discriminatory posts of any kind are prohibited.
• Subliminal advertising is prohibited. Subliminal advertising is defined as advertising that uses messages too weak to be perceived consciously but that can influence the economic behavior of a person.
• The company that promotes the products or services must be identified in the content of the advertising message.
• Advertisements must be clearly distinguishable from the scientific content of the journal.
• IJBE will publish advertisement messages/logo on separate pages from those that contain scientific content.
• IJBE will not disclose to any entities the identities of persons or companies that have any relations (connection) with this professional organization.
• The advertiser is responsible for all content of advertising (slogans, illustrations, messages, logo, etc.). IJBE will not be liable in any way for the content of any advertisement supplied by an advertiser.
• IJBE will pay attention to all complaints concerning advertising offered by all means and try to resolve the complaints, appealing to experienced professionals and experts from the advertising and law fields.

Journal Cover: In order to preserve the scientific character of the journals, IJBE will accept to publish on the front cover of every journal only the name /logo of the universities, colleges, or organizations from the economic field sponsoring the journals.

Journal Content: In order to promote educational programs of the sponsoring university/college/ organizations, IJBE will insert one full-page advertisement about these entities. IJBE does not allow any other form of advertising in the journal.

Conference Program: IJBE can include in the content of the Conference Program an advertisement of a university or college and for certain categories of products that promote economic and financial services. IJBE reserves the right to accept or reject any advertisements that would damage the IJBE image or have a negative impact on IJBE activity.

Conference: During conference breaks, IJBE may allow some promotional brochures to be distributed to participants, provided that the content of these brochures has been previously analyzed and approved by IJBE. Depending on the location of the conference, IJBE may allow the use of posters and banners for advertising purposes. All advertising materials must be approved by IJBE prior to the conference.

Site content: It is possible to promote different entities that are related to our academic activities on ijbe.eu, including Universities, colleges, and financial, economic, and educational organizations.